\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb [1]. C\u01a1n gi\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1i b\u1eaft ch\u00e1y. G\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y reng \u1ea7m \u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00ec ch\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n th\u00eam n\u1eefa. V\u1edbi t\u00f4i, v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00e1i chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y. C\u1edb g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y? C\u01a1n gi\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u01a1 quan \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong hai quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u201cQuy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cT\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c\u201d, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Walter Wink vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u00edt gi\u1eef l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng [2]. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd v\u1eeba kh\u00edt v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n- S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n c\u00e1i t\u00f4i<\/li>
- Ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/li>
- Amtssprache (C\u00e1c s\u0129 quan \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef quan li\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c\u201d, \u201cph\u1ea3i\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh\/ l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, \u2026)<\/li>
- Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n \u201cai \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/em> v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eady th\u00ec, c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y, h\u00fa l\u00ean cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 \u0111ang c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, \u0111ang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1p b\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o g\u00e3 nghi\u1ec7n h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t bi\u1ebft v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng tay b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t. Khi b\u1ea1n \u1edf trong v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao bi\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t, b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ai \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/em> v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t, ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c bu\u1ed9c ai \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\nC\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Ta tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. T\u00f4i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Walter Wink v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u0103m ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa, sa \u0111\u1ecda, \u0111\u1edbn h\u00e8n, th\u00ec d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n v\u1eady! V\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng h\u01a1i nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5y!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01a1n, ai s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u00fd tr\u1eddi, \u00fd Ch\u00faa (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: vua l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean t\u1eed), hay vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n, v.v. [2] Nh\u00ecn chung th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1edbn h\u00e8n, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nTr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t – khi\u1ebfn ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ai \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u00e3y b\u1eaft h\u1ecd \u0103n n\u0103n. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 \u201cxin l\u1ed7i\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t v\u1edf k\u1ecbch r\u1ed1i cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n xem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/giaotieptracan.files.wordpress.com\/2021\/09\/screen-shot-2021-09-17-at-11.43.35.png?w=750\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBa\/ M\u1eb9 S\u00f3i:<\/strong><\/em> N\u00f3i \u201ccon xin l\u1ed7i\u201d \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\nS\u00f3i con:<\/strong><\/em> Con xin l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\nBa\/ M\u1eb9 S\u00f3i:<\/strong><\/em> Con kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng xin l\u1ed7i. Ba\/ M\u1eb9 nh\u00ecn m\u1eb7t con ch\u1ea3 c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ed7i c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\nS\u00f3i con (kh\u00f3c):<\/strong><\/em> Con xin l\u1ed7i<\/p>\n\n\n\nBa\/ M\u1eb9 S\u00f3i:<\/strong><\/em> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i. Ba\/ M\u1eb9 tha th\u1ee9 cho con.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0103n n\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao, \u1edf M\u1ef9, ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u201cn\u01a1i \u0103n n\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i (penitentiaries)\u201d. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 h\u1ecd x\u1ea5u xa, v\u1eady n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u xa hay t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0: t\u1ed1t, x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u00fang, sai, b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai, k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u01a1i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 h\u1ecfi:<\/strong><\/em> \u201cNh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\nMarshall:<\/strong><\/em> Ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3! May m\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\nNh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc Ruth Benedict \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c – Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u1eed t\u1ebf\u201d tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Psychology Today, s\u1ed1 ra th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1970 [3]. B\u00e0 Ruth \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920. B\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 [kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c] \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u1ea4y v\u1eady m\u00e0 khi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u00ecm n\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Orang Asilie \u1edf Malaysia. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung. Anh b\u00e0n v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. Anh n\u00f3i l\u00e0 trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201cto be\u201d<\/em> – t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201cl\u00e0\u201d, \u201cth\u00ec\u201d<\/em> trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 \u201cC\u00f4 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t\/ x\u1ea5u\u201d<\/em> hay \u201cM\u00e0y th\u00ec sai\/ \u0111\u00fang r\u1ed3i\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nM\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201cto be\u201d<\/em> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady th\u00ec b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y? N\u1ebfu v\u1eady ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o t\u00f4i b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn 90% t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i r\u1ed3i! Th\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i n\u00f3i c\u00e2u \u201cM\u00e0y th\u1eadt \u00edch k\u1ef7!\u201d<\/em>th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u00e1c anh s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch ra ki\u1ec3u g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\nAnh ta \u0111\u00e1p, \u201cKh\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 nha. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: Marshall n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n \u0111ang lo cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lo cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/em>\u201d Anh \u1ea5y ti\u1ebfp l\u1eddi \u201cTrong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c \u0111i. Trong \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1ebf kia<\/em>\u201d. \u0110o\u1ea1n anh \u1ea5y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i \u201cV\u00ec c\u1edb g\u00ec m\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n d\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00e3n t\u00ean l\u00ean m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u201cV\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m v\u1eady th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ai \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t,\u201d t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p. Tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y. Anh \u1ea5y nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi \u201cN\u1ebfu \u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u00edch, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/em>. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd m\u1eddi h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc h\u1ecd nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ee9t r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng mang h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/giaotieptracan.files.wordpress.com\/2022\/07\/4ca46301-4940-4f66-935f-9889b3d35b6e.jpeg?w=1024\")
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Orang Asilie – Malaysia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nKh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 h\u1ecfi:<\/strong><\/em> Cho h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u00ec v\u1eady?<\/p>\n\n\n\nMarshall:<\/strong><\/em> Orang Asilie. Th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u1edf ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ean h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3 Lai quanh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t cho h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201c\u00d4ng d\u1ea1y ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef H\u01b0\u01a1u cao c\u1ed5 cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ri\u00eang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef H\u01b0\u01a1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd?\u201d \u0110\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n thay; h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng n\u01a1i c\u00e2y xanh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, n\u00ean gi\u1edd m\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng ty khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 \u0111ang x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef H\u01b0\u01a1u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang n\u00f3i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef S\u00f3i. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho 60,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ede Malaysia ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 n\u00e0y h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng li\u1ec7u t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y b\u1ea3o: \u201c\u00d4ng bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00e1ch x\u00e0i s\u00fang \u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea5t.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn. T\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u1edbi t\u00f4i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129. M\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5m th\u00eda c\u1ee7a Walter Wink l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00fa vui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00fa vui<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00fa vui th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u00e0 Bob Kandeh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0nh h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf Sierra Leone bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y [4]. \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u1edf Sierra Leone th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t tay c\u1ee7a m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111ang cho m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn. T\u1ea1i m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f9a theo ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh v\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede M\u1ef9, v\u00e0o khung gi\u1edd m\u00e0 m\u00e0 tr\u1ebb con xem tivi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 9 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i, 75% ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tivi c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng gi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ai \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 15, tr\u1ebb con \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem h\u01a1n ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea5m v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o trong phim th\u00ec nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u1ea9u \u0111\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c di\u1ec5n ra? V\u00e0o th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a phim. Ch\u00fang ta [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft] \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n cao tr\u00e0o t\u1eeb b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. C\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra trong tivi \u0111\u00e2u, m\u00e0, theo Walter Wink, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra su\u1ed1t n\u0103m ng\u00e0n n\u0103m r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u00fang ta cho tr\u1ebb em xem nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c? N\u00f3 t\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u1edd hay gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 nghe nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft gia t\u01b0-duy-S\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u00e1i \u00e1c. M\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ec7 r\u1ed3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u00f3 xo\u1eb9t qua l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft tr\u1ebb con m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb? B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3, ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh ra m\u1ed9t th\u00fa vui, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00ean c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn d\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i m\u1eebng v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129. Ta h\u1ed3i sinh cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec s\u1ed1ng theo c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd khi nghe \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd g\u00e0o l\u00ean \u201cL\u00fac t\u00f4i gi\u1eadn l\u00e0 l\u00fac t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t!\u201d Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2u! B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u adrenaline ch\u1ea1y trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng. T\u00f4i tin khi ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u, m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, b\u00e1o cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 C\u1ea3m x\u00fac, Daniel Goleman ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 b\u00e1o cho ta bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac hay c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c g\u00ec, th\u00ec t\u00f4i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh, h\u1ecd th\u00f2 tay v\u00e0o l\u1eeda c\u00f3 n\u00f3ng hay kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Khi nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, suy ngh\u0129 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u [thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, khen th\u01b0\u1edfng hay tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Giao ti\u1ebfp Tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Giao ti\u1ebfp B\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng hay NVC – Nonviolent Communication). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng minh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng n\u00e0ng ong v\u00e0 ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 – lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kia v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u1ed5n th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n cho th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i ch\u1ee9 h\u1ea3. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung h\u1ebft c\u1ee1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u. T\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ung nh\u1ecdt \u0111ang x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, [t\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh]. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3i, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 [v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, khen th\u01b0\u1edfng hay tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t], th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta [thay v\u00ec nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00f3]. T\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, v\u00e0 m\u1ea5y anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ed3m tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u01a1n gi\u1eadn n\u00f3i cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: ta \u0111ang ngh\u0129 k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u xa l\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. Khi ta tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5: ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch (kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n[1] T\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m – c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0ng, x\u00e3, qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[2] T\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a hai quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u201cThe Powers That Be\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cEngaging the Powers\u201d c\u1ee7a Walter Wink \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch ra l\u00e0 \u201cQuy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cT\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c\u201d. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ch\u00ednh trong quy\u1ec3n \u201cThe Powers That Be\u201d t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y: <\/a>https:\/\/hungryhungryhippos.wordpress.com\/2006\/08\/17\/chapter-three-the-powers-that-be-walter-wink\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n[3] B\u1ea1n th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc Ruth Benedict t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y: <\/a>https:\/\/anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1525\/aa.1970.72.2.02a00060<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n[4] Tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a Haja Marie Bob Kandeh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.giraffe.org\/haja-marie-bob-kande<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngu\u1ed3n: cvnc.com – Trung t\u00e2m Giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ecbch v\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp: Khang Ng. v\u00e0 May L.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1999, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Marshall Rosenberg m\u1edf m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 C\u01a1n Gi\u1eadn \u1edf Anh. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Rosenberg l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Giao ti\u1ebfp B\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1947,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,53,6,4,52,15],"tags":[12,54,55,21],"class_list":["post-1459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-boi-canh-ung-dung","category-circleways","category-cong-viec","category-thau-cam-tu-than","category-thuc-hanh","category-xa-hoi","tag-compassionate-communication","tag-con-gian","tag-giao-tiep-bat-bao-dong","tag-giao-tiep-trac-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1459"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1948,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1459\/revisions\/1948"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
V\u1eady th\u00ec, c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y, h\u00fa l\u00ean cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 \u0111ang c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, \u0111ang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1p b\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o g\u00e3 nghi\u1ec7n h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t bi\u1ebft v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng tay b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t. Khi b\u1ea1n \u1edf trong v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao bi\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t, b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ai \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/em> v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t, ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c bu\u1ed9c ai \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Ta tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. T\u00f4i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Walter Wink v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u0103m ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa, sa \u0111\u1ecda, \u0111\u1edbn h\u00e8n, th\u00ec d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n v\u1eady! V\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng h\u01a1i nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5y!<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01a1n, ai s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u00fd tr\u1eddi, \u00fd Ch\u00faa (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: vua l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean t\u1eed), hay vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n, v.v. [2] Nh\u00ecn chung th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1edbn h\u00e8n, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t – khi\u1ebfn ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ai \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u00e3y b\u1eaft h\u1ecd \u0103n n\u0103n. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 \u201cxin l\u1ed7i\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t v\u1edf k\u1ecbch r\u1ed1i cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n xem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ba\/ M\u1eb9 S\u00f3i:<\/strong><\/em> N\u00f3i \u201ccon xin l\u1ed7i\u201d \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00f3i con:<\/strong><\/em> Con xin l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ba\/ M\u1eb9 S\u00f3i:<\/strong><\/em> Con kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng xin l\u1ed7i. Ba\/ M\u1eb9 nh\u00ecn m\u1eb7t con ch\u1ea3 c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ed7i c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00f3i con (kh\u00f3c):<\/strong><\/em> Con xin l\u1ed7i<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ba\/ M\u1eb9 S\u00f3i:<\/strong><\/em> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i. Ba\/ M\u1eb9 tha th\u1ee9 cho con.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0103n n\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao, \u1edf M\u1ef9, ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u201cn\u01a1i \u0103n n\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i (penitentiaries)\u201d. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 h\u1ecd x\u1ea5u xa, v\u1eady n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u xa hay t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0: t\u1ed1t, x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u00fang, sai, b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai, k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u01a1i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 h\u1ecfi:<\/strong><\/em> \u201cNh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Marshall:<\/strong><\/em> Ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3! May m\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc Ruth Benedict \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c – Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u1eed t\u1ebf\u201d tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Psychology Today, s\u1ed1 ra th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1970 [3]. B\u00e0 Ruth \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920. B\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 [kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c] \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u1ea4y v\u1eady m\u00e0 khi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u00ecm n\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Orang Asilie \u1edf Malaysia. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung. Anh b\u00e0n v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. Anh n\u00f3i l\u00e0 trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201cto be\u201d<\/em> – t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201cl\u00e0\u201d, \u201cth\u00ec\u201d<\/em> trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 \u201cC\u00f4 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t\/ x\u1ea5u\u201d<\/em> hay \u201cM\u00e0y th\u00ec sai\/ \u0111\u00fang r\u1ed3i\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201cto be\u201d<\/em> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady th\u00ec b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y? N\u1ebfu v\u1eady ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o t\u00f4i b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn 90% t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i r\u1ed3i! Th\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i n\u00f3i c\u00e2u \u201cM\u00e0y th\u1eadt \u00edch k\u1ef7!\u201d<\/em>th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u00e1c anh s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch ra ki\u1ec3u g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anh ta \u0111\u00e1p, \u201cKh\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 nha. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: Marshall n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n \u0111ang lo cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lo cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/em>\u201d Anh \u1ea5y ti\u1ebfp l\u1eddi \u201cTrong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c \u0111i. Trong \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1ebf kia<\/em>\u201d. \u0110o\u1ea1n anh \u1ea5y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i \u201cV\u00ec c\u1edb g\u00ec m\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n d\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00e3n t\u00ean l\u00ean m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cV\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m v\u1eady th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ai \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t,\u201d t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p. Tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y. Anh \u1ea5y nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi \u201cN\u1ebfu \u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u00edch, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/em>. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd m\u1eddi h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc h\u1ecd nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ee9t r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng mang h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 h\u1ecfi:<\/strong><\/em> Cho h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u00ec v\u1eady?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Marshall:<\/strong><\/em> Orang Asilie. Th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u1edf ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ean h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3 Lai quanh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t cho h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201c\u00d4ng d\u1ea1y ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef H\u01b0\u01a1u cao c\u1ed5 cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ri\u00eang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef H\u01b0\u01a1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd?\u201d \u0110\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n thay; h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng n\u01a1i c\u00e2y xanh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, n\u00ean gi\u1edd m\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng ty khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 \u0111ang x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef H\u01b0\u01a1u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang n\u00f3i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef S\u00f3i. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho 60,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ede Malaysia ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 n\u00e0y h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng li\u1ec7u t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y b\u1ea3o: \u201c\u00d4ng bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00e1ch x\u00e0i s\u00fang \u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea5t.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn. T\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u1edbi t\u00f4i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129. M\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5m th\u00eda c\u1ee7a Walter Wink l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00fa vui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00fa vui th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u00e0 Bob Kandeh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0nh h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf Sierra Leone bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y [4]. \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u1edf Sierra Leone th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t tay c\u1ee7a m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111ang cho m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn. T\u1ea1i m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f9a theo ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh v\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ede M\u1ef9, v\u00e0o khung gi\u1edd m\u00e0 m\u00e0 tr\u1ebb con xem tivi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 9 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i, 75% ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tivi c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng gi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ai \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 15, tr\u1ebb con \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem h\u01a1n ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea5m v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o trong phim th\u00ec nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u1ea9u \u0111\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c di\u1ec5n ra? V\u00e0o th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a phim. Ch\u00fang ta [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft] \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n cao tr\u00e0o t\u1eeb b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. C\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra trong tivi \u0111\u00e2u, m\u00e0, theo Walter Wink, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra su\u1ed1t n\u0103m ng\u00e0n n\u0103m r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u00fang ta cho tr\u1ebb em xem nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c? N\u00f3 t\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u1edd hay gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 nghe nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft gia t\u01b0-duy-S\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u00e1i \u00e1c. M\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ec7 r\u1ed3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u00f3 xo\u1eb9t qua l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft tr\u1ebb con m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb? B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3, ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh ra m\u1ed9t th\u00fa vui, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00ean c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn d\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i m\u1eebng v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129. Ta h\u1ed3i sinh cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec s\u1ed1ng theo c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd khi nghe \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd g\u00e0o l\u00ean \u201cL\u00fac t\u00f4i gi\u1eadn l\u00e0 l\u00fac t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t!\u201d Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2u! B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u adrenaline ch\u1ea1y trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng. T\u00f4i tin khi ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u, m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, b\u00e1o cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 C\u1ea3m x\u00fac, Daniel Goleman ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 b\u00e1o cho ta bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac hay c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c g\u00ec, th\u00ec t\u00f4i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh, h\u1ecd th\u00f2 tay v\u00e0o l\u1eeda c\u00f3 n\u00f3ng hay kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Khi nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, suy ngh\u0129 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u [thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, khen th\u01b0\u1edfng hay tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t].<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Giao ti\u1ebfp Tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Giao ti\u1ebfp B\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng hay NVC – Nonviolent Communication). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng minh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng n\u00e0ng ong v\u00e0 ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 – lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kia v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u1ed5n th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n cho th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i ch\u1ee9 h\u1ea3. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung h\u1ebft c\u1ee1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u. T\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ung nh\u1ecdt \u0111ang x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, [t\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh]. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3i, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 [v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, khen th\u01b0\u1edfng hay tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t], th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta [thay v\u00ec nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00f3]. T\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, v\u00e0 m\u1ea5y anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ed3m tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u01a1n gi\u1eadn n\u00f3i cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: ta \u0111ang ngh\u0129 k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u xa l\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. Khi ta tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5: ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [1] T\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m – c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0ng, x\u00e3, qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [2] T\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a hai quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u201cThe Powers That Be\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cEngaging the Powers\u201d c\u1ee7a Walter Wink \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch ra l\u00e0 \u201cQuy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cT\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c\u201d. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ch\u00ednh trong quy\u1ec3n \u201cThe Powers That Be\u201d t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y: <\/a>https:\/\/hungryhungryhippos.wordpress.com\/2006\/08\/17\/chapter-three-the-powers-that-be-walter-wink\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [3] B\u1ea1n th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc Ruth Benedict t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y: <\/a>https:\/\/anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1525\/aa.1970.72.2.02a00060<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [4] Tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a Haja Marie Bob Kandeh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n https:\/\/www.giraffe.org\/haja-marie-bob-kande<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngu\u1ed3n: cvnc.com – Trung t\u00e2m Giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u1ecbch v\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp: Khang Ng. v\u00e0 May L.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1999, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Marshall Rosenberg m\u1edf m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 C\u01a1n Gi\u1eadn \u1edf Anh. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Rosenberg l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Giao ti\u1ebfp B\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1947,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,53,6,4,52,15],"tags":[12,54,55,21],"class_list":["post-1459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-boi-canh-ung-dung","category-circleways","category-cong-viec","category-thau-cam-tu-than","category-thuc-hanh","category-xa-hoi","tag-compassionate-communication","tag-con-gian","tag-giao-tiep-bat-bao-dong","tag-giao-tiep-trac-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1459"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1948,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1459\/revisions\/1948"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nB\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00fa vui<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch (kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n