{"id":3278,"date":"2026-03-09T10:52:49","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T10:52:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/?p=3278"},"modified":"2026-03-09T11:03:32","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T11:03:32","slug":"thanh-thao-ngon-ngu-cua-nhu-cau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/2026\/03\/09\/thanh-thao-ngon-ngu-cua-nhu-cau\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Marshall Rosenberg [ph\u00fat 14-28] t\u1ea1i audio: Universal Human needs<\/a><\/em>, ~1.500 t\u1eeb, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc 6-8 ph\u00fat.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"H\u00ecnh
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb Module h\u1ecdc Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n t\u1ea1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n 03\/2024<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giao ti\u1ebfp Tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n tin r\u1eb1ng \u201cC\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o cho Nhu c\u1ea7u\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. Khi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1eb9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, xem nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean trong ta hay kh\u00f4ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0103n nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh B\u00e0y t\u1ecf trung th\u1ef1c trong Giao ti\u1ebfp Tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n, l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. […] V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Nhu c\u1ea7u (Need Consciousness)<\/strong>, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u (Need Literacy) <\/strong>– \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta quen thu\u1ed9c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ta theo c\u00e1ch khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c khi h\u1ecd \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111ang v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong ta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y & chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng nhu c\u1ea7u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c \u201cc\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u\u201d tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong 40 n\u0103m \u0111i kh\u1eafp Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i khi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef gi\u00e0u t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n hy sinh nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng hy sinh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho nh\u00e0 vua ho\u1eb7c cho m\u00e0u c\u1edd T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta xa r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 sai, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Trong kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch B\u00e0y t\u1ecf trung th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t n\u00e0o theo c\u00e1ch khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c sai. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00f4i n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u xoay quanh vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean\/ ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 sai, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean cao v\u00e0 x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u00fang, sai. Khi qua \u0111\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu x\u1ea5u, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1edf Rome, \u00dd v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m 80 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u1eef tu ho\u1eb7c linh m\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 trung th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c theo l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u00fang sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd nghe t\u1eeb t\u00f4i ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1eef tu n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i t\u1eebng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u01b0a S\u01a1, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u01a1 \u1ea5y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201c\u00d4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang hay sai. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t h\u1ecd m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0103n c\u1eafp v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t h\u1ecd.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u1ea3m \u01a1n S\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec S\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 nghe. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u00fd m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t h\u1ecd theo c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec c\u00f4ng l\u00fd tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 khen th\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i trung th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng hay kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn, b\u1edfi nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 Giao ti\u1ebfp Tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nhu c\u1ea7u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nghe th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch n\u00e0o. V\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eddi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. H\u1ecd l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, “\u00edch k\u1ef7” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 “\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00edch k\u1ef7\u201d<\/em> hay “\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c ngu ng\u1ed1c<\/em>” ho\u1eb7c “Anh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/em>“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n k\u00edch th\u00edch cho nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t kh\u00e1ch quan v\u1ec1 1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u00f4i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra \u201cm\u1ecdi l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng\u201d.<\/strong> Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ra nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec, thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i hay ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00edn nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn con s\u1ed1 ch\u00edn sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Manfred Max-Neef, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chile. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manfred Max-Neef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede Hoa K\u1ef3, ch\u00fang ta \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n (GNP), v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf “th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng” khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u00e0u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch Manfred Max-Neef nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Max-Neef \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi an to\u00e0n, kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra danh s\u00e1ch ch\u00edn nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00edch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho t\u00f4i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 50 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u. T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra Max-Neef c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang: ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng ch\u00edn nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Human-scale Development Model c\u1ee7a Max-Neef<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Max-Neef ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao g\u1ed3m: sinh t\u1ed3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 tham gia, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed (theo ngh\u0129a th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm, ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i), s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do. C\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n sinh l\u00e0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec (being), c\u00f3 g\u00ec (having), l\u00e0m g\u00ec (doing) v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c (interacting). T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ma tr\u1eadn 36 \u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng (satisfiers) cho nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/td>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (Being)<\/strong><\/td>S\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/strong>(Having) <\/strong><\/td>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>(Doing) <\/strong><\/td>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh\/ M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (settings)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Sinh t\u1ed3n<\/strong> (Subsistence)<\/td>S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/td>Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u01a1i \u1edf, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/td>\u0102n, m\u1eb7c, ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/td>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/td><\/tr>
B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong> (Protection)<\/td>S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/td>An sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/td>H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1<\/td>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u01a1i \u1edf<\/td><\/tr>
T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m<\/strong> (Affection)<\/td>T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, \u00f3c h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt<\/td>T\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/td>Chia s\u1ebb, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/td>S\u1ef1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng gian th\u00e2n m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft<\/td><\/tr>
Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/strong> (Understanding)<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2, tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c<\/td>H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/td>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, suy ng\u1eabm, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra<\/td>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/td><\/tr>
Tham gia<\/strong> (Participation)<\/td>S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp thu, s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m, \u00f3c h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i<\/td>H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/td>H\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m, \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0<\/td><\/tr>
Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed <\/strong>(Leisure)<\/td>Tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng<\/td>Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/td>M\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng, h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n, vui ch\u01a1i<\/td>Phong c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng gian ri\u00eang t\u01b0, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/td><\/tr>
S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/strong> (Creation)<\/td>Tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2<\/td>N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/td>S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3<\/td><\/tr>
B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc<\/strong> (Identity)<\/td>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1, l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/td>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, phong t\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c<\/td>T\u1ef1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, cam k\u1ebft <\/td>N\u01a1i m\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng gian h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/td><\/tr>
T\u1ef1 do<\/strong> (Freedom)<\/td>T\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea, l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf<\/td>Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/td>B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/td>B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch\u00edn nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 Manfred Max-Neef \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh <\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (Sustenance)<\/strong>. \u00dd \u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1 gi\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang th\u1eadt nhanh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n… ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp theo m\u00e0 Manfred Max-Neef n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 An to\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (Safety, Protection)<\/strong>. Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 T\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng (Love)<\/strong>. Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u c\u1ea3m (Empathy)<\/strong>. Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 n\u0103m l\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, vui ch\u01a1i (Rest, Recreation, Play)<\/strong>. Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (Community) <\/strong>– m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ea5m \u00e1p. Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y l\u00e0 S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (Creativity)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 hai nhu c\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m l\u00e0 T\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 (Autonomy)<\/strong>. H\u00e3y th\u1eed \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 xem, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y bao nhi\u00eau cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ra l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Khi ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ra l\u1ec7nh cho ch\u00fang ta, n\u00f3 \u0111e d\u1ecda nhu c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm. H\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 con nh\u1ecf, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng “cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7” \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. Cha m\u1eb9 s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1edbi con, “Con ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1i n\u00e0y!” v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd n\u00f3i “Kh\u00f4ng”. Cha m\u1eb9 n\u00f3i, “Con c\u00f3 nghe th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng? Con ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1i n\u00e0y!” – “Kh\u00f4ng!” \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111ang nghe nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta nghe nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, n\u00f3 \u0111e d\u1ecda nhu c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Viktor Frankl, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1o, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Quan tr\u1ecdng theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u00dd ngh\u0129a (Meaning)<\/strong>, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Khi t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 theo c\u00e1ch: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00edn nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f4i khi, nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n – ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i trong s\u1ed1 9 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n – nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kho t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u1eafm v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ba tu\u1ed5i, t\u1eeb “t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec v\u1edbi b\u00e9, d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ba tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb “t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7”, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng: ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y danh s\u00e1ch 9 t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00fang sao cho b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ba tu\u1ed5i, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1eebng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y sao cho \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, h\u00e3y “d\u1ecbch” ch\u00fang sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a nhau, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t am hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef: V\u00e2n Trang & Th\u1eafm Tr\u1ea7n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Marshall Rosenberg [ph\u00fat 14-28] t\u1ea1i audio: Universal Human needs<\/a><\/em>, ~1.500 t\u1eeb, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc 6-8 ph\u00fat.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1612,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,60],"tags":[12,43,21,35,66,67,46],"class_list":["post-3278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gioi-thieu-giao-tiep-trac-an","category-nen-tang","tag-compassionate-communication","tag-compassionatecommunication","tag-giao-tiep-trac-an","tag-giaotieptracan","tag-need","tag-needliteracy","tag-nvc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3278"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3278\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3281,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3278\/revisions\/3281"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1612"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}