{"id":99,"date":"2023-07-12T08:46:36","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T08:46:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/?p=99"},"modified":"2025-08-22T03:37:41","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T03:37:41","slug":"chuyen-hoa-quyen-luc-bang-giao-tiep-trac-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/2023\/07\/12\/chuyen-hoa-quyen-luc-bang-giao-tiep-trac-an\/","title":{"rendered":"Chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng GTTA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cT\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 mong c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u00edch k\u1ef7.\u201d \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang bao tr\u00f9m l\u00ean cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta. T\u1eeb hai gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n sinh, g\u1ecdi n\u00f4m na l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean c\u01a1<\/em>. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c. Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n (GTTA) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin s\u00e2u s\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n d\u0129 th\u00edch cho \u0111i trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do. GTTA c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta trung ki\u00ean v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c coi s\u00f3c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 khi m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u1edbi, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Khi ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1eabu c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh&nbsp;<em>quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng nhau,<\/em>&nbsp;b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ra sao \u0111i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-lo\u1ea1i-hinh-quy\u1ec1n-l\u1ef1c\"><strong>4 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/giaotieptracan.files.wordpress.com\/2021\/12\/power.png?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1227\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c sau, theo Gaventa (2006):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(1) Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 (power-over) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c (dependent power):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt \u0111i. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u. (The Barefoot Collective 2009) Tuy v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean . M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea1c vang l\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 Nelson Mandela, Gandhi, b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7n, \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00ednh khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p ch\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. (Blau 1986; Rowlands 1997; Gaventa 2006) Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Khi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, n\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(2) Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i (power-within) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (independent power):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n (Gaventa 2006; The Barefoot Collective 2009). Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i gi\u00fap ta tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1o v\u00e1t, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (The Barefoot Collective 2017). Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch (Rowlands 1997; Chambers 2006). Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, coi nhau l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng (Williams v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 1994; Rowlands 1997; The Barefoot Collective 2009). Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i khi ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin b\u00ean trong m\u00ecnh, gi\u00fap ta c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(3) Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng (power-with) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c (interdependent power):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n x\u1ea3y ra: m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 (Gaventa 2006; Lukes 2005). Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, th\u00ec s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y 1+1 &gt; 2. (McKinney v\u00e0 Shanley 1985; Lukes 1986; Williams v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 1994; Rowlands 1997; Lukes 2005; The Barefoot Collective 2009). Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 k\u1ebb th\u1eafng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thua n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 (Eyben v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2006).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(4) Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c (power-to)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c (ho\u1eb7c \u201ctrao quy\u1ec1n\u201d hay \u201cn\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf\u201d, \u201cn\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c\u201d) l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua \u2018n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c\u2019, \u2018\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i\u2019 ho\u1eb7c \u2018kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u2019 (Lukes 2005). Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00eam. (Rowlands 1997; Gaventa 2006).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"chuy\u1ec3n-hoa-quy\u1ec1n-l\u1ef1c-b\u1eb1ng-giao-ti\u1ebfp-tr\u1eafc-\u1ea9n\">Chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean c\u01a1, v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n bao g\u1ed3m Sociocracy (Beatrice Cadbury v\u00e0 Kees Boeke), Integrated Clarity (Marie Miyashiro), Convergent Facilitation (Miki Kashtan), \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n (GTTA) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng nhau v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-d\u01b0a-ra-quy\u1ebft-d\u1ecbnh-chung\"><strong>(1) \u0110\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chung:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c:<\/strong>&nbsp;Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n (do c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chung) s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft phi t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u1ed1i v\u1ec1:<\/strong>&nbsp;GTTA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<strong>c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00edt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;<strong>\u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0&nbsp;<strong>tham gia v\u00e0o<\/strong>&nbsp;nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, \u2026 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00edt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n&nbsp;<strong>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1edd<\/strong>&nbsp;ai \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p hay ch\u1edd t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n (advice process) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<strong>quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 tham gia<\/strong>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;<strong>b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong>&nbsp;b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt, h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;<strong>c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>&nbsp;c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 tin t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;<strong>c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c<\/strong>, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i \u201cb\u1ea3o g\u00ec l\u00e0m n\u1ea5y\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>&nbsp;Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u2018quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng nhau\u2019 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u2018quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean c\u01a1\u2019 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201c\u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t\u201d c\u1ee7a GTTA khi giao v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201c\u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t\u201d c\u1ee7a GTTA gi\u00fap truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (Bonnell v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2007). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n, m\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u00e0m v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho \u0111i trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i C\u00d3 th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng khi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do n\u00f3i KH\u00d4NG m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o. N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ta l\u00e0m m\u1eabu c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 ta \u0111ang \u1edf vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp c\u00e1ch t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1eadp c\u00e1ch h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u1ec3 xem \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh \u0111ang suy \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng, \u2026 Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, \u0111o\u00e1n hay \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m s\u1ef1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed3i, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen \u2018tr\u00ean c\u01a1\u2019 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00edt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n (tr\u1ebb em, c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, \u2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-l\u01b0u-chuy\u1ec3n-tai-nguyen\"><strong>(2) L\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c:<\/strong>&nbsp;T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u1ed1i v\u1ec1:<\/strong>&nbsp;C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n, v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 th\u00f3i ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy khan hi\u1ebfm. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n trong m\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y. GTTA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;<strong>r\u0169 b\u1ecf n\u1ed7i h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng&nbsp;<strong>chia s\u1ebb<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh b\u1ea1ch<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n, c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong th\u00f3i quen&nbsp;<strong>\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng hay kh\u00f4ng<\/strong>&nbsp;d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>&nbsp;C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng GTTA trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng doanh nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y GTTA gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (Bonnell v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2017). Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01a1n sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 GTTA, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch, gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-l\u01b0u-chuy\u1ec3n-thong-tin\"><strong>(3) L\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c:<\/strong>&nbsp;Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u1ed1i v\u1ec1:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0110\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n, c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tin. GTTA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf minh b\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, \u2026) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00edt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u1edf t\u1ea7ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t khi chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>&nbsp;Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;<strong>b\u1eaft l\u1ed7i hay thao t\u00fang<\/strong>. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hay ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1, c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n (ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf c\u1ea3m x\u00fac), c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn h\u01a1n, ch\u1ec9 quan s\u00e1t \u201cnh\u01b0 camera\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, \u2026 Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ea7m khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5y h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n, c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i hay \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch. \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n L\u00caN ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ecd, ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n (Bovee-Kemper, 2019). Khi \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-l\u01b0u-chuy\u1ec3n-ph\u1ea3n-h\u1ed3i\"><strong>(4) L\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c:<\/strong>&nbsp;Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i\/ g\u00f3p \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n mang nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u1ed1i v\u1ec1:<\/strong>&nbsp;H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra theo m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a. Ngo\u00e0i ra, bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00f3p \u00fd th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. GTTA c\u0169ng h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u1ea3 b\u00ean cho l\u1eabn b\u00ean nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>&nbsp;GTTA ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c g\u00f3p \u00fd tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan h\u01a1n. GTTA c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u00e0y t\u1ecf v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (Rosenberg 2003). Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, c\u00e1c g\u00f3p \u00fd \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan ng\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, GTTA x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2ng tin b\u00ean trong c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-qu\u1ea3n-ly-mau-thu\u1eabn\"><strong>(5) Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c:<\/strong>&nbsp;Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00edt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean h\u1ecd, \u00edt khi n\u00e0o m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00edt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00edt nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng khi tham gia v\u00e0o m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u1ed1i v\u1ec1:<\/strong>&nbsp;Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 mong mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn hay \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng l\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o, s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng ra sao? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn kh\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n, c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>&nbsp;GTTA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (Rosenber 2003). Khi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u c\u1ea3m, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xoa d\u1ecbu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. C\u00e1ch giao ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a GTTA t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra, gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 xung \u0111\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng leo thang (Bonnell v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2007).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u1ea5u c\u1ea3m. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ed5i h\u1ed3n cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cho v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn trong l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n (Manske, 2021). GTTA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>c\u00f4ng l\u00fd tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t<\/em>&nbsp;sang&nbsp;<em>c\u00f4ng l\u00fd ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/em>, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean l\u1eafng nghe th\u1ea5u c\u1ea3m cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. \u1ede t\u1ea7ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n&nbsp;<em>c\u00f4ng l\u00fd chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/em>, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (Eriksson, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"t\u1ea1m-k\u1ebft\">T\u1ea1m k\u1ebft<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n trong nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3; \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u2018quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean c\u01a1\u2019 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i xung quanh ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Khi ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1eabu c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh&nbsp;<em>quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng nhau,<\/em>&nbsp;b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ra sao \u0111i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa r\u1eb1ng, Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u00e1ch b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u00edch t\u1eafc c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi [ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c] v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng chu c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<strong>c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 [m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ni\u1ec1m vui, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 h\u01a1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i]. Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u2013 n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nhu c\u1ea7u trong h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra, \u1edf m\u1ed9t quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho con em c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bonnell, H., Li, P., &amp; Van Lingen, T. (2017) Nonviolent Communication: a Communication Tool to support the Adaptive Capacity of Organisations?.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bovee-Kemper, L. (2019) Whose Work Is It? Thoughts on Non-Violent Communication, Dominant Culture, and Power Dynamics. Unitarian Universalist Association. Leadership Resource Library.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kashtan, M. (2002) Transforming Power Relations: The Invisible Revolution. ENCOUNTER: Education for Meaning and Social Justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kashtan, M. (2021) Organizational Systems Overview. The Fearless Heart Learning Packet [accessed Nov 28 2021].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khuyen, N.T.B. (2019) The role of Nonviolent Communication in addressing power: How practising Nonviolent Communication affects power expression in the workplace relationships \u2013 some examples in Vietnam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Blau, P.M. (1986) Exchange and power in social life, New Brunswick, U.S.A: Transaction Books<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chambers, R. (2006) \u2018Transforming Power: From Zero-Sum to Win-Win?\u2019, IDS Bulletin, 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eriksson, A. (2009). A bottom-up approach to transformative justice in Northern Ireland. International Journal of Transitional Justice, 3(3), 301-320.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eyben, R., Harris, C. and Pettit, J. (2006) \u2018Introduction: Exploring power for change\u2019, IDS Bulletin, 37(6), 1-10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gaventa, J. (2006) \u2018Finding the spaces for change: A power analysis\u2019, IDS Bulletin, 37(6), 23-33.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kashtan, M. (2021) The Highest Common Denominator: Using Convergent Facilitation to Reach Breakthrough Collaborative Decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lukes, S. (2005) Power: A Radical View. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Manske, J. (2021) Pathways to Nonviolent Communication: A Tool for Navigating Your Journey. Puddle Dancer Press<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">McKinney, A. and Shanley, M.L. (1985) \u2018Money, Sex and Power: Toward a Feminist Historical Materialism. By Nancy Hartsock. (New York: Longman, 1983. Pp. x, 310. $18.95 cloth.)\u2019, The Journal of Politics, 47(4), 1298-1301.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rosenberg, M.B. (2003) Nonviolent Communication: A language of Life, 2nd ed., Encinitas, CA: Puddle Dancer Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rowlands, J. (1997) Questioning Empowerment: Working with Women in Honduras, Oxford: Oxfarm GB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Barefoot Collective (2009) The The Barefoot Collective Guild 1: working with organisations and social change, [ebook]. The Barefoot Guide Collection [accessed Nov 28 2021].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Barefoot Collective (2017) The The Barefoot Collective Guide 5: Mission Inclusion, [ebook]. The Barefoot Guide Collection [accessed Nov 28 2021].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Williams, S., Seed, J. and Mwau, A. (1994) The Oxfarm Gender Training Manual. Oxfarm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p: Khang Nguy\u1ec5n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cT\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 mong c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u00edch k\u1ef7.\u201d \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang bao tr\u00f9m l\u00ean cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta. T\u1eeb hai gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n sinh, g\u1ecdi n\u00f4m na l\u00e0&nbsp;quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1560,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gioi-thieu-giao-tiep-trac-an","category-nen-tang"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99\/revisions\/104"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=99"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaotieptracan.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}